多组元钛合金电子束冷床炉熔炼挥发规律研究

利用电子束冷床炉(EB炉)一次熔炼制备TC4、Ti6242、TA15钛合金铸锭,采用Langmuir定律对熔炼过程中Al、Sn、Zr、Mo等元素的挥发规律做了简要的数值分析,并与实际挥发规律进行了对比分析。结果表明:EB炉熔炼TC4、Ti6242、TA15钛合金过程中,Al元素在3种合金中的挥发率有所不同,挥发率由大到小顺序为TC4>Ti6242>TA15;Al元素是TC4钛合金中主要的挥发元素;Ti6242钛合金中,Al、Sn元素之间存在联合挥发的问题;TA15钛合金中,Al、Zr元素之间亦存在联合挥发的问题,Al元素带动了Zr元素(难挥发元素)的挥发。     

Improving the homogeneity and properties of ferrous powder mixes by a novel powder mixing process

Fe-2Cu-0.8C powder mixes were prepared by a wet mixing and spray-drying process using iron, copper, graphite and zinc stearate as main raw materials, and stearic acid, alcohol wax and amide wax as binders. The properties of the as-prepared binder treated powder mixes were investigated. The bonding efficiency of the binders was tested by measure the retention of graphite and copper in the powder mixes after dusting resistance test. The test results show that the wet mixing and spray-drying process can realise the bonding of different particles and improve processing properties of the powder mixes. A flow rate of 30.6?s/50?g and an apparent density of 3.18?g/cm³ were obtained for powder mixes with alcohol wax as binder. The results of dusting resistance test demonstrated that alcohol wax and amide wax have better bonding effect for Cu and graphite powders, respectively, which was reflected by the difference value of electronegativity between Fe, Cu, C elements and functional groups. Compared with mechanically mixing powder mixes, using binder treated powder mixes can also reduce the friction coefficient during compaction by 0.012–0.026. The addition of different binders also has a great influence on the properties of sintered parts.     

冲击载荷下TC18钛合金力学性能模拟研究

TC18钛合金在退火状态下的屈服强度非常高,进行动态力学性能测试存在一定困难,可优先考虑采用数值模拟方法对其动态力学性能进行研究,而数值模拟结果的精确性主要取决于合金本构方程的精确性。为了减少数值模拟与实验结果之间的差异,在Johnson-Cook模型的基础上做了调整,利用ABAQUS软件的子程序接口自定义了材料本构子程序UMAT,以代码的形式来扩展ABAQUS程序的功能。通过与ABAQUS/Standard软件分析结果以及实验结果的对比,验证了自定义材料本构子程序UMAT计算结果的精确性与可靠性。该研究可为TC18钛合金的结构设计提供参考。     

High-entropy alloys fabricated via powder metallurgy. A critical review

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted a great deal of interest over the last 14 years. One reason for this level of interest is related to these alloys breaking the alloying principles that have been applied for many centuries. Thus, HEAs usually possess a single phase (contrary to expectations according to the composition of the alloy) and exhibit a high level of performance in different properties related to many developing areas in industry. Despite this significant interest, most HEAs have been developed via ingot metallurgy. More recently, powder metallurgy (PM) has appeared as an interesting alternative for further developing this family of alloys to possibly widen the field of nanostructures in HEAs and improve some capabilities of these alloys. In this paper, PM methods applied to HEAs are reviewed, and some possible ways to develop the use of powders as raw materials are introduced.     

高强WSTi544221合金组织与性能研究

研究了轧制变形量对WSTi544221合金棒材显微组织和力学性能的影响,并对Φ10 mm规格的棒材进行不同制度的固溶+时效处理,对比了不同热处理状态下棒材的组织和力学性能。结果表明,随着轧制变形量的增大,WSTi544221合金棒材的晶粒细化程度增大,强度逐渐提高,但塑性变化不大。经870℃×1 h/WC+520℃×6 h/AC固溶+时效处理后,强度与塑性可以获得良好匹配,当抗拉强度达到1 610 MPa、屈服强度达到1 531 MPa时,延伸率和断面收缩率可分别保持在12%和43%。     

表面活性剂对钛合金复合微弧氧化膜结构与耐磨性能的影响

为了在钛合金表面制备耐磨性能良好的复合微弧氧化膜层,研究了4种不同类型的表面活性剂对复合六方氮化硼(hBN)固体润滑微粒微弧氧化膜层微观结构及其耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂对复合微弧氧化(MAO)膜层的微观结构和耐磨性能有明显的影响,阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵降低了复合MAO膜层中h BN微粒含量,削弱了膜基结合,因而不利于膜层耐磨性能的改善;非离子型表面活性剂无水乙醇由于挥发性强导致膜层的致密性下降,降低了膜层的耐磨性能;阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠对复合MAO膜层的结构和耐磨性能影响较小;阴离子型表面活性剂羧甲基纤维素钠则有效改善了hBN微粒在电解液中的分散性,进而改善其在MAO膜层中的复合及分布状况,从而明显改进了复合MAO膜层的耐磨性能。     

柿竹园多金属矿选矿废水处理试验研究

针对柿竹园多金属矿选矿废水量大、难沉降、pH值高、COD高等特点,研究了石灰沉降+ZJYH03氧化法、石灰沉降+漂白粉氧化法、石灰沉降+NaClO氧化法、聚合硫酸铁沉降+ZJYH03氧化法和石灰沉降+生物氧化法等废水处理工艺,并对比分析了各工艺的处理效果和药剂成本,结果表明: 聚合硫酸铁沉降+ZJYH03氧化法取得了较好的处理效果,该方法具有工艺简单、水质无色透明、药剂成本低等特点。     

Ti6Al4V钛合金表面蓝色微弧氧化膜的制备及性能

利用微弧氧化技术在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面制备出蓝色微弧氧化膜。对微弧氧化膜的微观形貌和元素组成进行了分析,并对微弧氧化膜的显微硬度进行了测试。结果表明:微弧氧化膜表面光整,呈均匀深蓝色,其主要由Ti、Mn、O和C四种元素组成,还含有少量的V、Al和Si元素;微弧氧化膜的表面粗糙度约为0.159μm,与钛合金的表面粗糙度相近;微弧氧化膜的显微硬度为5 437.4 MPa,显著高于钛合金的显微硬度。     

H13钢等离子堆焊Ni60A/Cr3C2覆层的磨损及热疲劳性能

采用等离子堆焊技术在H13钢基体表面上制备了Ni60A/Cr₃C₂堆焊覆层,研究了覆层的磨损行为和热疲劳性能。在600 ℃下销盘试验的结果表明,镍基碳化铬复合覆层的耐磨性是Ni60A堆焊覆层的2.8倍和基材H13钢的11.6倍。镍基覆层可以显著降低H13钢的摩擦因数,加入碳化铬则会削弱覆层的摩擦性能。随着磨损的进行,主要磨损机理从氧化磨损演变为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。在800 ℃到室温下的热疲劳测试结果表明,镍基碳化铬复合覆层在48个热循环后疲劳裂纹达到200 μm,早于镍基覆层的62次。这说明高温氧化促进热疲劳裂纹的产生。碳化铬增强相从镍基上剥离,导致镍基复合覆层热疲劳性能下降。